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There are three main types in the SD memory card family. SD, SD High Capacity (SDHC™), and SD Extended Capacity (SDXC™). This article details the different specifications of all three types of SD memory cards and the speed class ratings and compatibilities that are different with each type.
Additional Reference: SD Assocation Consumer Information
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SD capacities range from 128MB to 2GB
Default Format: FAT16
SD cards will work in all host devices that support SD, SDHC, or SDXC
SD High Capacity (SDHC™) card is an SD™ memory card based on the SDA 2.0 specification.
SDHC capacities range from 4GB to 32GB
Default Format: FAT32
Because SDHC works differently than standard SD cards, this format is NOT backwards compatible with host devices that only take SD (128MB - 2GB) cards. Most readers and host devices built after 2008 should be SDHC compatible.
To ensure compatibility, look for the SDHC logo on cards and host devices (cameras, camcorders, etc.)
SD Extended Capacity (SDXC™) card is an SD™ memory card based on the SDA 3.0 specification.
SDXC capacities range from 64GB to 2TB
Default Format: exFAT
Because SDXC uses a different file system called exFAT and it works differently than standard SD cards, this format is NOT backwards compatible with host devices that only take SD (128MB to 2GB) or host devices that only take SDHC (4GB to 32GB). Most host devices built after 2010 should be SDXC compatible.
To ensure compatibility, look for the SDXC logo on cards and host devices (cameras, camcorders, etc.).
NOTE: Internal card readers on laptops up to year 2008 may NOT support SDXC cards. SDXC cards will work in SDHC compatible readers (not SD readers) if the computer OS supports exFAT.
For more information on exFat see: Operating Systems that support the exFAT File System
Ultra High Speed, Phase I (UHS-I) bus design for SDHC and SDXC cards was added in SD spec 3.0. This is a design enhancement to increase the performance of SDHC/SDXC cards.
UHS-I specification defines two bus architecture options for up to 50MB/s (UHS-50) and 104MB/s (UHS-104) data transfer rates. These are theoretical maximum limits and actual maximum performance for a specific card is defined on it label or in advertising.
UHS is an enhancement to the original SD interface specifications. Host devices will obtain the UHS maximum speed when both the card and host device support UHS. Otherwise, the host device and card will use the slower SD maximum speed obtainable.
There is no compatibility problem using a UHS card with a non-UHS device.
Ultra High Speed Phase II (UHS-II) bus design for SDHC and SDXC was added in SD spec 4.0. This is an additional design enhacement with connector interface modifications to increase performance.
UHS-II specification defines bus architecture for options of 156MB/s and 312MB/s. Manufacturers implemented the 312MB/s option in memory cards. These are theoretical maximum limits and actual maximum performance for a specific card is defined on the label or in advertising.
Host devices will obtain the maximum UHS-II speed when both the card and the host device support UHS-II. Otherwise, the host device and card will use the highest compatible UHS-I or SD bus speed.
There is no compatibility problem using a USH-II card in a UHS-I or non-UHS device.
Speed Class & UHS Speed Class Rating
Speed class ratings define a minimum guaranteed speed of SDHC/SDXC cards. Speed class rating is important for HD video mode or camcorders, where the device is actually saving a steady stream of data. The resolution and format of the video determines the amount of steady stream data. You should consult your camera user manual for minimum speed class requirements for HD video modes.
Speed Class (SD Bus)
Get ms excel free. Class | Minimum Speed |
2 | 2MB/s |
4 | 4MB/s |
6 | 6MB/s |
8 | 8MB/s |
https://pratmasfecu1976.mystrikingly.com/blog/icons8-5-7-2-cr2-converter. 10 | 10MB/s |
UHS Speed Class (UHS Bus) Best free synth plugins for fl studio.
UHS Class Kerovee vst by g200kg. | Minimum Speed |
1 | 10MB/s |
3 | 30MB/s |
For a more detailed explanation of speed class see: Difference between Speed Class, UHS Speed Class, and Speed Ratings.
SD Association: Speed Choices
Compatibility Summary
The chart below shows the host device and the memory cards supported.
| Host device (ex. cameras, video recorders, phones, readers, etc.) | Memory cards supported |
- SDXC memory cards can ONLY be used with SDXC host devices.
- SDXC memory cards will NOT work with SD / SDHC host devices.
Additional info on SDXC cards and host devices
- SDXC host devices can use and support SD, SDHC and SDXC memory cards.
- SDHC host devices can use and support both SD and SDHC memory cards.
- SDHC memory cards can be used with SDHC and SDXC host devices.
Making an image file from an SD card on Windows
I spent time figuring this out due to needing SD cards for my Raspberry Pi, but the instructions apply to pretty much anything on SD.
DD on Windows
Windows sadly lacks the DD utility that's ubiquitous on Unix/Linux systems. Luckily there is a dd for Windows utility. Get the latest version here (release at time of writing is 0.63beta).
Which disk
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Before using DD it's important to figure out which disk number is allocated to the SD card. This can be seen in Computer Management tool (click on the Start button then Right Click on Computer and select Manage). Go to Storage -> Disk Management:
Here the SD card is Disk 1.
Making the image
First start a Windows command line as Administrator (hit the start button, type cmd then right click on the cmd.exe that appears and select Run as Administrator). Next change directory to wherever you unzipped the DD tool.
http://ligtjob.xtgem.com/Blog/__xtblog_entry/19340768-taskpaper-plain-text-to-do-lists-3-7-4#xt_blog. To copy the SD card to an image file (in this case c:tempmyimage.img) use the following command line:
In this case we're using DD with 3 simple arguments:
- Input file (if) is the SD card device
- Output file (of) is the image file we're creating
- Block size (bs) is 1 megabyte
Writing the image back to a clean SD card
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The first step is to ensure that the SD is complete clean. Most cards come preformatted for use with Windows machines, cameras etc. The diskpart tool can be used to remove that. Go back to your cmd running as administrator (and be very careful if you have multiple disks that you use the right number):
https://innerdownload.mystrikingly.com/blog/appn-wire-1-2-1-download-free. You're now ready to copy the image back to the SD (simply by swapping the earlier input file and output file arguments):
